Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

June 29, 2025 / By

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# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Understanding the materials used in sanitary pad production helps consumers make informed choices about the products they use.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton or bamboo fiber blends (for organic options)

Properties: Soft, breathable, and quick-drying to prevent irritation and maintain comfort.

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial layer responsible for fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Airlaid paper
– Cotton or bamboo fibers (in organic pads)

Properties: High absorbency, moisture retention, and odor control capabilities.

### 3. Back Sheet

The waterproof layer that prevents leakage. Materials include:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Biodegradable materials like PLA (polylactic acid) in eco-friendly options

Properties: Liquid-proof, flexible, and comfortable against clothing.

### 4. Adhesive Layer

The glue that keeps the pad in place:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives
– Hypoallergenic formulations
– Biodegradable adhesives in some eco-friendly products

Properties: Strong enough to stay in place but gentle on skin and clothing.

## Specialized Materials and Additives

### 1. Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)

These are cross-linked polyacrylate materials that can absorb many times their weight in liquid. They’re responsible for the high absorbency of modern sanitary pads.

### 2. Fragrance Components

Some pads include:

– Natural essential oils
– Synthetic fragrances
– Odor-neutralizing compounds

Note: Fragrance-free options are available for sensitive skin.

### 3. Antimicrobial Agents

Some manufacturers add:

– Silver ions
– Tea tree oil
– Other natural antimicrobials

These help prevent bacterial growth and odor.

## Emerging Eco-Friendly Materials

With growing environmental concerns, manufacturers are developing sustainable alternatives:

– Organic cotton
– Bamboo fiber
– Banana fiber
– Biodegradable SAP
– Cornstarch-based back sheets

These materials offer comparable performance while being more environmentally friendly.

## Material Safety Considerations

When choosing sanitary pads, consider:

– Hypoallergenic properties
– Absence of harmful chemicals (dioxins, chlorine, etc.)
– Breathability to prevent irritation
– Certifications (OEKO-TEX, FDA approval, etc.)

Understanding the composition of sanitary pad materials empowers women to make choices that align with their health needs, comfort preferences, and environmental values. As technology advances, we can expect even more innovative and sustainable materials to enter the market.