Sanitary Pad Material: Composition and Properties

June 26, 2025 / By

# Sanitary Pad Material: Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The materials used in their construction play a crucial role in their effectiveness, comfort, and safety. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose in absorption, protection, and comfort.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Layer (Cover Stock)

The top layer is the part that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven fabric (polypropylene or polyethylene)
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton or cotton blends

This layer is designed to be soft, breathable, and quick-drying while allowing menstrual fluid to pass through to the absorbent core.

### 2. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the most important functional component, usually composed of:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Combination of both materials

Superabsorbent polymers can absorb many times their weight in liquid, transforming it into a gel to prevent leakage.

### 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the waterproof layer that prevents leaks. Common materials include:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options

### 4. Adhesive Layer

This component keeps the pad in place in the underwear:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives
– Hypoallergenic formulations
– Wing adhesives for extra security

## Specialized Materials and Additives

Modern sanitary pads may also include:

– Odor-control agents (activated charcoal, baking soda)
– Aloe vera or vitamin E for skin comfort
– Antibacterial treatments
– Fragrance (though this can cause irritation for some users)

## Properties of Sanitary Pad Materials

### 1. Absorbency

The primary function of a sanitary pad is determined by:

– Absorption capacity (measured in grams)
– Absorption rate (how quickly fluid is drawn in)
– Retention capacity (ability to hold fluid under pressure)

### 2. Breathability

Important for skin health, measured by:

– Moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR)
– Air permeability
– Microclimate conditions between pad and skin

### 3. Softness and Comfort

Determined by:

– Surface texture
– Fiber composition
– Flexibility and conformability

### 4. Safety and Hypoallergenicity

Critical factors include:

– Dermatological testing
– Absence of harmful chemicals
– pH balance considerations

## Environmental Considerations

With growing environmental awareness, manufacturers are developing:

– Biodegradable materials (plant-based fibers)
– Compostable options
– Reduced plastic content
– Organic cotton alternatives

## Future Developments

Research continues into:

– More sustainable materials
– Enhanced performance with thinner designs
– Smart pads with health monitoring capabilities
– Improved comfort during physical activity

Understanding the materials in sanitary pads helps consumers make informed choices based on their needs for comfort, protection, and environmental impact. As technology advances, we can expect continued improvements in both performance and sustainability of these essential hygiene products.