Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

June 26, 2025 / By

# Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

## Introduction to Sanitary Napkin Composition

Sanitary napkins are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow while providing comfort and protection. Understanding the raw materials used in their production helps consumers make informed choices about the products they use. Modern sanitary napkins consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose in absorption, comfort, and hygiene.

## Core Components of Sanitary Napkins

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Nonwoven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton or other natural fibers

This layer must be soft, breathable, and quick-drying to prevent irritation while allowing menstrual fluid to pass through to the absorbent core.

### 2. Absorbent Core

The heart of the sanitary napkin consists of:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Sometimes includes cotton or rayon fibers

The absorbent core can hold several times its weight in fluid, with SAP particles transforming liquid into gel to prevent leakage.

### 3. Back Sheet

The bottom layer is usually made from:

– Polyethylene or polypropylene film
– Breathable microporous materials
– Sometimes with adhesive strips for secure placement

This waterproof layer prevents leaks while allowing some breathability in premium products.

### 4. Adhesives

Various adhesives serve different functions:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive for panty attachment
– Hot melt adhesives for layer bonding
– Release paper for protecting adhesives before use

## Additional Features in Modern Sanitary Napkins

### Wings

Many sanitary napkins feature side wings made from:

– Nonwoven materials
– Plastic films with adhesive

These help secure the pad in place and prevent side leakage.

### Fragrance and Deodorizers

Some products include:

– Microencapsulated fragrances
– Activated charcoal
– Baking soda

These components aim to neutralize odors, though fragrance-free options are available for sensitive skin.

## Safety and Quality Considerations

Manufacturers must ensure:

– Hypoallergenic materials
– Absence of harmful chemicals
– Proper sterilization processes
– Compliance with international safety standards

Consumers should look for certifications and choose products from reputable brands that disclose their material composition.

## Environmental Considerations

With growing environmental awareness, manufacturers are exploring:

– Biodegradable materials
– Organic cotton options
– Chlorine-free bleaching processes
– Reduced plastic content

These innovations aim to maintain performance while reducing environmental impact.

## Conclusion

Understanding the raw materials in sanitary napkins helps women make choices that align with their comfort needs, skin sensitivity, and environmental values. As technology advances, we continue to see improvements in both performance and sustainability in feminine hygiene products.