Sanitary Napkin Material: Composition and Properties

June 28, 2025 / By

。

# Sanitary Napkin Material: Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Napkin Materials

Sanitary napkins are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The materials used in their construction play a crucial role in determining their effectiveness, comfort, and safety. Modern sanitary napkins combine various materials to achieve optimal absorption, leak protection, and skin comfort.

## Core Components of Sanitary Napkins

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene (most common)
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton or cotton blends (for organic options)

Key properties: Softness, breathability, quick-dry capability

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the central layer responsible for fluid absorption. It usually consists of:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Combination of both

The SAP can absorb many times its weight in liquid, transforming it into gel.

### 3. Back Sheet

The waterproof layer that prevents leaks consists of:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous film
– Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options

### 4. Adhesive Layer

The glue that keeps the pad in place includes:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive
– Wing adhesives (for winged pads)
– Biodegradable adhesives in some products

## Specialized Materials in Premium Sanitary Napkins

### 1. Odor-Control Materials

– Activated charcoal layers
– Baking soda infused layers

– Antimicrobial treatments

### 2. Cooling Gel Technology

Some premium pads incorporate cooling gels that provide:

– Soothing sensation
– Reduced irritation
– Enhanced comfort

### 3. Organic and Natural Options

Growing demand has led to development of:

– Organic cotton topsheets
– Bamboo fiber absorbent cores
– PLA (polylactic acid) backsheets from corn starch

## Material Properties and Performance Factors

### Absorption Capacity

Determined by:

– SAP concentration
– Fluff pulp density
– Core design (channeled vs. uniform)

### Breathability

Affected by:

– Top sheet material
– Back sheet porosity
– Overall thickness

### Skin Compatibility

Important considerations:

– pH balance
– Hypoallergenic properties
– Absence of harmful chemicals (dioxins, chlorine, etc.)

## Environmental Considerations

The industry is moving toward more sustainable materials:

– Biodegradable components
– Reduced plastic content
– Compostable options
– Plant-based SAP alternatives

## Future Material Innovations

Emerging technologies include:

– Smart materials that change color for health monitoring
– Nanofiber technology for ultra-thin, high-absorption pads
– Self-cleaning surfaces with antimicrobial properties

Understanding the materials in sanitary napkins helps consumers make informed choices based on comfort, performance, and environmental impact. As technology advances, we can expect continued improvements in both functionality and sustainability of these essential hygiene products.