Sanitary Pad Materials: Composition and Properties

June 28, 2025 / By

# Sanitary Pad Materials: Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. The materials used in their construction play a crucial role in comfort, absorbency, and overall performance. Modern sanitary pads are complex products composed of multiple layers, each serving a specific function.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### Top Layer (Cover Stock)

The top layer is the part that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton or cotton blends

This layer needs to be soft, breathable, and quick-drying to maintain comfort while allowing liquid to pass through to the absorbent core.

### Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the most important part of the pad, responsible for trapping and retaining menstrual flow. Common materials include:

– Wood pulp (fluff pulp)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– A combination of both

SAP can absorb many times its weight in liquid, making modern pads thinner and more effective than older designs.

### Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and keeps moisture from reaching clothing. Materials used include:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options

### Adhesive Layer

The adhesive keeps the pad in place in underwear. It’s typically:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive
– Hypoallergenic formulations
– Sometimes includes wings with additional adhesive

## Specialized Materials and Features

### Odor Control Agents

Many pads incorporate:

– Activated charcoal
– Baking soda
– Antimicrobial agents

These help neutralize odors without relying on perfumes that might irritate sensitive skin.

### Breathability Enhancements

Modern designs often include:

– Micro-perforations
– Air channels
– Moisture-wicking fabrics

These features help reduce skin irritation and maintain comfort during use.

## Environmental Considerations

With growing environmental awareness, manufacturers are developing:

– Biodegradable materials
– Organic cotton options
– Plant-based plastics
– Compostable designs

These alternatives aim to reduce the environmental impact of disposable sanitary products.

## Future Material Innovations

Research continues into:

– Nanofiber technology for better absorption
– Smart materials that change color for health monitoring
– Fully biodegradable superabsorbent polymers

– Reusable pad materials with enhanced performance

The sanitary pad industry continues to evolve, with material science playing a key role in improving comfort, performance, and sustainability. Understanding these materials helps consumers make informed choices about the products they use.